Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Its literal meaning is "submission to God" or "to be obedient." A person who practices Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that Allah is one and unique, and that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the last prophet and messenger sent by Allah.
Core Principles and Beliefs of Islam
Islam has several main principles and beliefs:
* Tawhid (Monotheism): This is the fundamental basis of Islam. Muslims believe that Allah is one and has no partners. He is the only one worthy of worship.
* Prophets and Messengers: Muslims believe that Allah sent countless prophets and messengers throughout history to guide humanity, among whom are Prophet Adam (AS), Noah (AS), Abraham (AS), Moses (AS), Jesus (AS), and finally Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
* Divine Books: Muslims believe that Allah revealed various books or scriptures throughout different eras, such as the Torah, Psalms, Gospels, and finally the Holy Quran. The Quran is the primary religious text for Muslims and the main source of guidance for life.
* Angels: Muslims believe that Allah created angels who are constantly engaged in fulfilling Allah's commands.
* Afterlife: Muslims firmly believe that there is a resurrection after death and a Day of Judgment (Day of Qiyamah), where everyone will be held accountable for their deeds.
* Qadar (Divine Decree): Muslims believe that all good and bad events occur according to Allah's pre-ordained knowledge.
Pillars of Islam
Islam has five main pillars, which are obligatory for every Muslim:
* Shahada (Declaration of Faith): Bearing witness to the phrase "La ilaha illallah Muhammadur Rasulullah," meaning "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad (PBUH) is His servant and Messenger."
* Salat (Prayer): Performing five daily prayers.
* Zakat (Charity): Donating a specific portion of one's wealth to the poor and needy.
* Sawm (Fasting): Abstaining from food, drink, and all physical indulgences from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan.
* Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca): For those who are able, performing the pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca once in their lifetime.
History of Islam
The history of Islam began in the seventh century on the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Mecca and Medina, through Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In 610 CE, he received his first revelation from Allah and began to spread Islam. After his death, various caliphates and empires emerged among Muslims, through which Islam spread to different parts of the world and developed a rich civilization.
Islam is known as a complete way of life, providing guidance in all aspects: personal, social, economic, and political.